It is located in one of the halls of the History Museum. It is a permanent exhibition. It tells the story of the historical development of the Oryahovo region from the Paleolithic to the late Middle Ages through the archaeological discoveries in the area. Representative artefacts from the department of the same name have been selected. Attention is drawn to mammoth remains; pottery and stone tools from the Neolithic and Chalcolithic periods; stone axes and Late Mycenaean-type swords from the Bronze Age; military equipment from the Iron Age; glass lacrimaria, clay lamps and the votive tablet of the god Silvanus from antiquity; medieval implements of labour and sgraffito pottery. Attention is drawn to the archaeological research in the ancient fortress "Variana" near the village of Leskovets and the medieval fortress "Kamaka" near the town of Oryahovo. Particularly valuable are the statue of the "Good Shepherd" from the 4th century and the early Christian marble cross with a relief image of oak branches.